Text functions — Sheetwrite

This page lists the 34 functions of the text family. Taxonomy/source: Text functions. The formula function contract has every family, the engine builds, and the evaluation limits.

Functions

Find a function

Available in

All functions

Function (aliases)	Engine	Contract
`ARRAYTOTEXT`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `array-to-text` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`DOLLAR`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `text-dollar` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`FIXED`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `text-fixed` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`REGEXEXTRACT`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `regex-extract` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `regex-lite-subset` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`REGEXREPLACE`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `regex-replace` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `regex-lite-subset` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`REGEXTEST`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `regex-test` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `regex-lite-subset` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`TEXTAFTER`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `text-delimiter` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`TEXTBEFORE`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `text-delimiter` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`TEXTSPLIT`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `text-split` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`VALUETOTEXT`	Full only	optional analysis Signature: `value-to-text` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `text-analysis`
`LEN`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`LEFT`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `left-right` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`RIGHT`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `left-right` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`MID`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `mid` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`CONCATCONCATENATE`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `variadic-values` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`UPPER`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`LOWER`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`TRIM`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`TEXT`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `text-format` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`EXACT`	Default + full	incumbent Signature: `binary-number` Semantics: `text-sensitive` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`TEXTJOIN`	Default + full	required target Signature: `text-join` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`SUBSTITUTE`	Default + full	required target Signature: `substitute` Semantics: `text-sensitive` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`REPLACE`	Default + full	required target Signature: `replace` Semantics: `text-sensitive` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`FIND`	Default + full	required target Signature: `find-search` Semantics: `text-sensitive` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`SEARCH`	Default + full	required target Signature: `find-search` Semantics: `text-search` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`VALUE`	Default + full	required target Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`CLEAN`	Default + full	required target Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`REPT`	Default + full	required target Signature: `repeat-text` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`CHAR`	Default + full	required target Signature: `unary-number` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`CODE`	Default + full	required target Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`UNICHAR`	Default + full	required target Signature: `unary-number` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`UNICODE`	Default + full	required target Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`PROPER`	Default + full	required target Signature: `unary-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`
`NUMBERVALUE`	Default + full	required target Signature: `number-value` Semantics: `text` Dialect: `excel-documented` Implementation: `implemented-assisted`

Signature profiles

Argument order, required/default state, accepted shapes, repetition, and return shape come directly from the inventory.

Signature: array-to-text

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`format`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: text-dollar

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`decimals`	no	2	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: text-fixed

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`decimals`	no	2	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`noCommas`	no	false	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: regex-extract

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`pattern`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`returnMode`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`caseSensitivity`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: regex-replace

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`pattern`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`replacement`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`occurrence`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`caseSensitivity`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: regex-test

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`pattern`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`caseSensitivity`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: text-delimiter

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`delimiter`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`instanceNum`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`matchMode`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`matchEnd`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`ifNotFound`	no	#N/A	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: text-split

Return shape: array.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`colDelimiter`	no	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`rowDelimiter`	no	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`ignoreEmpty`	no	false	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`matchMode`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`padWith`	no	#N/A	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: value-to-text

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`format`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: unary-value

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: left-right

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`count`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: mid

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`start`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`count`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: variadic-values

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: text-format

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`formatText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: binary-number

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number1`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`number2`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: text-join

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`delimiter`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`ignoreEmpty`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: substitute

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`oldText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`newText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`instance`	no	all	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: replace

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`oldText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`start`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`count`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`newText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: find-search

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`findText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`withinText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`start`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: repeat-text

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`count`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: unary-number

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: number-value

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`decimalSeparator`	no	.	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`groupSeparator`	no	,	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Semantic profiles

These values are normative for the listed Sheetwrite subset. function-defined and contextual are explicit limitations: consult the formula guides' function-specific sections rather than assuming another spreadsheet's edge behavior.

Semantics: text

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: empty-text text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: function-defined wildcard: literal
environment	locale: function-defined dateSystem: function-defined
numeric	tolerance: not-applicable domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: text-sensitive

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: empty-text text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: sensitive wildcard: literal
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: not-applicable domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: text-search

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: empty-text text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: insensitive wildcard: supported
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: not-applicable domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Dialect profiles

Dialect: excel-documented

Dialect	Status
Microsoft Excel	documented
Google Sheets	unverified
OpenFormula	unverified

Limitations: Google Sheets and OpenFormula results require producer evidence before compatibility is claimed.

Dialect: regex-lite-subset

Dialect	Status
Microsoft Excel	divergent
Google Sheets	unverified
OpenFormula	unverified

Limitations: REGEXTEST, REGEXEXTRACT, and REGEXREPLACE use the regex-lite syntax, not full PCRE2. Lookaround, backreferences, Unicode classes such as \p{L}, and other patterns the engine cannot compile return #VALUE!. \d, \s, and \w use ASCII character classes. \b uses ASCII word boundaries. As in Excel, caseSensitivity is 0 (case-sensitive, the default) or 1 (case-insensitive). Case-insensitive matching and the (?i) flag fold ASCII letters only. If caseSensitivity is 1 or the pattern enables an inline i flag, a pattern with a non-ASCII cased letter or a \x, \u, or \U escape returns #VALUE!. Regex programs are limited to 2 MiB. Text inputs and outputs are limited to 32,767 characters.

Implementation profiles

Implementation: text-analysis

Layer	Status and source/evidence
Parser	implemented `packages/wasm/src/eval/analysis/mod.rs`
Evaluator	implemented `packages/wasm/src/eval/analysis/text.rs`
Formula assist	implemented `packages/wasm/src/eval/analysis/mod.rs`
Evidence	behavior-tested `packages/wasm/src/eval/analysis/text.rs`

Implementation: implemented-assisted

Layer	Status and source/evidence
Parser	implemented `packages/wasm/src/calc.rs`
Evaluator	implemented `packages/wasm/src/eval/mod.rs` `packages/wasm/src/eval/functions.rs`
Formula assist	implemented `packages/core/src/formula-assist.ts`
Evidence	source-linked `packages/wasm/src/tests.rs` `packages/core/test/formula-assist.test.ts`

Loading documentation…